Evaluation of the efficiency in the supervision of Law n.° 29783 and its Regulations on Safety and Health at Work in the Sedapal Sewerage Operating Plant (2013-2024)

Abstract

This article analyzes the implementation and compliance with occupational health and safety regulations at the Lima Water and Sanitation Service (Sedapal), a public utility company in Lima, Peru. Using a descriptive methodology, historical data were collected and inspection reports from the National Superintendency of Labor Inspection (Sunafil) were analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of oversight in terms of reducing workplace accidents, managing risks, and improving working conditions. The study highlights the relevance of Law No. 29783 as a key regulatory framework for ensuring safe working environments. According to the data, between 2013 and 2017, a significant increase in workplace accidents was reported in the water and sanitation sector, underscoring the importance of effective oversight. At the La Atarjea plant, deficiencies were identified related to insufficient training, inadequate equipment maintenance, and a lack of appropriate personal protective equipment. The results analysis included indicators such as the workplace accident rate, training records, and occupational risk assessments using IPERC matrices. In 2018, the accident rate showed a significant reduction in some months, suggesting progress in risk management. However, critical points were identified in personnel movement and tool handling, which presented high levels of risk. Internal inspections were also analyzed, highlighting location, ergonomic, and lighting risks in various offices. Recommendations included improving maintenance, raising staff awareness about order and cleanliness, and adopting specific corrective measures. Occupational medical examinations were also evaluated, revealing an increase in periodic examinations starting in 2018, consistent with the adoption of a more robust preventive approach. The study underscores the importance of addressing psychosocial factors such as work-related stress and anxiety, which affect 13% and 77% of workers, respectively. The report also highlights the reduction in musculoskeletal problems resulting from corrective measures implemented over a four-month period. In terms of enforcement, the results show an increase in sanctions imposed by the Metropolitan Lima Superintendency, which could indicate a greater commitment to supervision. However, it is recommended that collaboration among the various Sunafil departments be strengthened to ensure comprehensive and effective oversight.