Eficiência policial no combate ao crime no Peru: reflexões a partir da análise econômica do direito
Resumo
O presente artigo é desenvolvido devido à grave situação que o Peru enfrenta na luta contra o crime, o que torna necessário estabelecer políticas públicas eficientes que envolvam as diferentes instituições responsáveis, tanto para a prevenção do crime quanto para a sua punição efetiva. Nesse sentido, as forças de segurança interna têm uma participação ativa que pode afetar diretamente na taxa de criminalidade. Para esse fim, fazendo uso dos conceitos oferecidos pela análise econômica do Direito e pela teoria da escolha racional, descreveremos como o potencial criminoso deve responder sob certas suposições e usaremos os resultados de pesquisas realizadas em outros países para identificar as medidas que afetaram mais efetivamente a redução do crime e como essas medidas poderiam ser extrapoladas para a realidade peruana.
Downloads
Metrics
Métricas alternativas
Referências
Acciarri, H. A. (2015). Elementos de análisis económico del derecho de daños. La Ley.
Amemiya, M. y Ohyama, T. (2019). Toward a test of the “Law of Crime Concentration” in Japanese cities: a geographical crime analysis in Tokyo and Osaka. Crime Science, 8(11). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40163-019-0106-z
Beccaria, C. (1822). Tratado sobre los delitos y las penas. Imprenta de Albán. (Obra original publicada en 1764). http://cdigital.dgb.uanl.mx/la/1080097388/1080097388_MA.PDF
Becker, G. S. (1974). Crime and punishment: an economic approach. En G. S. Becker y W. M. Landes (eds.), Essays in the Economics of Crime and Punishment. National Bureau of Economic Research (pp. 1-54). NBER. https://www.nber.org/system/files/chapters/c3625/c3625.pdf
Bentham, J. (2008). Los principios de la moral y la legislación. Claridad. (Obra original publicada en 1789)
Braga, A. A., Kennedy, D. M., Waring, E. J. y Piehl, A. M. (1999). Problem oriented policing, deterrence, and youth violence: an evaluation of Boston’s Operation Ceasefire. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 38(3), 195-225.
Braga, A. A., Papachristos, A. V. y Hureau, D. M. (2012). The effects of hot spots policing on crime: an updated systematic review and meta analysis. Justice Quarterly, 31(4), 633-663. https://doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2012.673632
Cooter, R. y Ulen, T. (1998). Derecho y economía. Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Chalfin, A. y McCrary, J. (2018). Are U.S. cities underpoliced? Theory and evidence. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 100(1), 167-186. https://direct.mit.edu/rest/article-abstract/100/1/167/58429/Are-US-Cities-Underpoliced-Theory-and-Evidence
DeAngelo, G. y Hansen, B. (2014). Life and death in the fast lane: Police enforcement and traffic fatalities. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 6(2), 231-257. https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/pol.6.2.231
Defensoría del Pueblo (2009). Fortalecimiento de la Policía Nacional del Perú: cinco áreas de atención urgente [Informe Defensorial n.o 142]. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/tablas/26648.pdf
Di Tella, R. y Schargrodsky, E. (2004). Do police reduce crime? Estimates using the allocation of police forces after a terrorist attack. American Economic Review, 94(1), 115-133. https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/000282804322970733
Doleac, J. L. (2017). The effects of DNA Databases on crime. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 9(1), 165-201. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20150043
Draca, M., Machin, S. y Witt, R. (2008). Panic on the streets of London: police, crime and the July 2005 terror attacks. Centre for Economic Performance (CEP Discussion Paper n.o 852). https://cep.lse.ac.uk/pubs/download/dp0852.pdf
Evans, W. y Owens, W. (2007). COPS and crime. Journal of Public Economics, 91(1-2), 181-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2006.05.014
Garicano, L. y Heaton, P. (2010). Information technology, organization, and productivity in the public sector: evidence from police departments. Journal of Labor Economics, 28(1), 167-201. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/649844
Groff, E. R., Weisburd, D. y Yang, S.-M. (2010). Is it important to examine crime trends at a local “micro” level? A longitudinal analysis of street to street variability in crime trajectories. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 26(1), 7-32. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23367575
Groff, E. R., Ratcliffe, J. H., Haberman, C. P., Sorg, E. T., Joyce, N. y Taylor, R. B. (2015). Does what police do at hot spots matter? The Philadelphia Policing Tactics Experiment. Criminology, 53(1), 23-53. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12055
Haberman, C. P., Groff, E. R., Ratcliffe, J. H. y Sorg, E. T. (2016). Satisfaction with police in violent crime hot spots: using community surveys as a guide for selecting hot spots policing tactics. Crime & Delinquency, 62(4), 525-557. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128713516840
Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (INEI) (2023). Estadísticas de la criminalidad, seguridad ciudadana y violencia. Una visión desde los registros administrativos. https://cdn.www.gob.pe/uploads/document/file/4774824/Estad%C3%ADsticas%20de%20Criminalidad%2C%20Seguridad%20Ciudadana%20y%20Violencia.%20Enero-Marzo%202023.pdf?v=1687980559
Ipsos (2022). XII Encuesta Nacional sobre percepciones de la corrupción en el Perú. https://www.ipsos.com/es-pe/xii-encuesta-nacional-sobre-percepciones-de-la-corrupcion-en-el-peru
Ipsos (2023). Miradas sobre el crimen y las fuerzas de seguridad alrededor del mundo: una encuesta Global Advisor en 29 países. https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/ct/news/documents/2023-06/Global%20Advisor%20Crime_ESP_Chile.pdf
Klick, J. y Tabarrok, A. (2005). Using terror alert levels to estimate the effect of police on crime. Journal of Law and Economics, 48(1), 267-279. https://mason.gmu.edu/~atabarro/TerrorAlertProofs.pdf
Levitt, S. D. (2004). Entendiendo por qué se redujo la criminalidad en la década de 1990: cuatro factores que lo explican y seis que no. Ius et Praxis, 10(2), 97-135. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-00122004000200004
Machin, S. y Marie, O. (2004). Crime and benefit sanctions. CEP Discussion Paper No 645. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/19945/1/Crime_and_Benefit_Sanctions.pdf
Mankiw, N. G. (2012). Principios de economía (6.a ed.). Cengage Learning. https://clea.edu.mx/biblioteca/files/original/bd2711c3969d92b67fcf71d844bcbaed.pdf
Mas, A. (2006). Pay, reference points, and police performance. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 121(3), 783-821. https://www.princeton.edu/~amas/papers/policepay.pdf
McGarrell, E. F., Chermak, S., Weiss, A. y Wilson, J. (2001). Reducing firearms violence through directed police patrol. Criminology & Public Policy, 1(1), 119-148. https://popcenter.asu.edu/sites/default/files/problems/drive_by_shooting/PDFs/McGarrell_etal_2001.pdf
Ratcliffe, J. H., Taniguchi, T., Groff, E. R. y Wood, J. D. (2011). The Philadelphia foot patrol experiment: a randomized controlled trial of police patrol effectiveness in violent crime hotspots. Criminology, 49(3), 795-831. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2011.00240.x
Sherman, L. W., Gartin, P. R. y Buerger, M. E. (1989). Hot spots of predatory crime: routine activities and the criminology of place. Criminology, 27(1), 27-56. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1989.tb00862.x
Sherman, L. W. y Weisburd, D. (1995). General deterrent effects of police patrol in crime “hot spots”: a randomized, controlled trial. Justice Quarterly, 12(4), 625-648. https://doi.org/10.1080/07418829500096221
Silva, G. (2011). Criminología. Construcciones sociales e innovaciones teóricas. ILAE.
Taylor, B., Koper, C. S. y Woods, D. J. (2011). A randomized controlled trial of different strategies at hot spots of violent crime. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 7(2), 149-181. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-010-9120-6
Tegner, A. S., Doleac, J. L. y Landersø, R. (2021). The effects of DNA Databases on the deterrence and detection of offenders. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 13(4), 194-225. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20190207
Weisburd, D. y Braga, A. A. (2006). Advocate hot spots policing as a model for police innovation. En D. Weisburd y A. A. Braga (eds.), Police innovation: contrasting perspectives (pp. 225-244). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511489334.012
Weisburd, D. y Eck, J. E. (2004). What can police do to reduce crime, disorder, and fear? The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 593(1), 42-65. https://cebcp.org/wp-content/publications/WeisburdEck04.pdf
Wilson, J. Q. y Herrnstein, R. J. (1985). Crime and human nature: The definitive study of the causes of crime. Free Press.
Copyright (c) 2024 Nicolas Baldino Mayer, David Gustavo Romero Basurco
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Os autores mantêm seus direitos autorais e se registram sob a licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), que permite o uso do material publicado (adaptar - remixar, transformar e construir sobre - e compartilhar - copiar e redistribuir - o material em qualquer meio ou formato).
1. A revista permite que os autores mantenham seus direitos autorais dos artigos enviados sem nenhuma restrição.
2. Os autores mantêm o direito de compartilhar, distribuir, copiar, executar e comunicar publicamente o artigo publicado na Revista Oficial del Poder Judicial (por exemplo, colocá-lo em um repositório institucional).
3. Os autores mantêm o direito de fazer publicações posteriores de seu trabalho, de usar o artigo ou qualquer parte dele (por exemplo, uma compilação de seu trabalho, notas para conferências, teses ou para um livro), desde que indiquem a fonte de publicação (autores do trabalho, revista, volume, número e data).
