Rumo a um novo paradigma de responsabilidade civil para veículos autônomos: proposta de um marco legal dinâmico baseado em níveis de autonomia
Resumo
O surgimento dos veículos autônomos apresenta desafios sem precedentes à lei de responsabilidade civil. Este artigo propõe um novo paradigma jurídico: um quadro jurídico dinâmico que adapta a atribuição de responsabilidade aos vários níveis de autonomia do veículo. Por meio de uma análise doutrinária, jurisprudencial e comparativa das leis internacionais, é identificada a inadequação dos quadros jurídicos atuais para lidar com a complexidade dos sistemas autônomos. A estrutura proposta estabelece uma categorização da responsabilidade com base nos níveis de autonomia, desde a responsabilidade compartilhada entre homem e máquina em níveis baixos até a responsabilidade do sistema e do fabricante em altos níveis. Os princípios da “ética by design” são integrados e é proposto um sistema de seguros escalonado. A validação da estrutura inclui sua aplicação a casos hipotéticos e avaliação por especialistas, demonstrando sua viabilidade e adaptabilidade a futuros desenvolvimentos tecnológicos. Essa abordagem inovadora não só oferece uma solução para as lacunas legais existentes, mas também fornece uma base flexível para futuras reformas legislativas. O artigo conclui que essa estrutura dinâmica é essencial para equilibrar a inovação tecnológica com a proteção legal efetiva e estabelece as bases para uma regulamentação coerente e adaptativa de veículos autônomos.
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