Hacia un nuevo paradigma de responsabilidad civil para vehículos autónomos: propuesta de un marco jurídico dinámico basado en niveles de autonomía
Resumen
El surgimiento de vehículos autónomos presenta desafíos sin precedentes para el derecho de responsabilidad civil. Este artículo propone un nuevo paradigma jurídico: un marco jurídico dinámico que adapta la atribución de responsabilidad a los diversos niveles de autonomía vehicular. Mediante un análisis doctrinal, jurisprudencial y comparativo de legislaciones internacionales, se identifica la inadecuación de los marcos legales actuales para abordar la complejidad de los sistemas autónomos. El marco propuesto establece una categorización de responsabilidad basada en niveles de autonomía, desde la responsabilidad compartida humano-máquina en niveles bajos, hasta la responsabilidad del sistema y del fabricante en niveles altos. Se integran principios de «ética by design» y se propone un sistema de seguros escalonado. La validación del marco incluye su aplicación a casos hipotéticos y evaluación por expertos, demostrando su viabilidad y su adaptabilidad a futuras evoluciones tecnológicas. Este enfoque innovador no solo ofrece una solución a las lagunas legales existentes, sino que también proporciona un fundamento flexible para futuras reformas legislativas. El artículo concluye que este marco dinámico es esencial para equilibrar la innovación tecnológica con la protección jurídica efectiva, y sienta las bases para una regulación coherente y adaptativa de los vehículos autónomos.
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