The Accessory Prosecutor in Sexual, Domestic, and Gender-Based Violence Offenses
Abstract
This paper aims to demonstrate the suitability of incorporating the figure of the accessory prosecutor into Peru’s accusatory criminal procedure system in cases involving victims of sexual, domestic, and gender-based violence. This proposal is grounded in the need to provide an adequate and timely solution to the numerous cases of the aforementioned types of violence, ensuring the effective and reasonable involvement of the victim in the proceedings. The methods used to support this argument include legal dogmatic analysis and comparative law. The feasibility of this procedural figure within the Peruvian criminal procedure framework is examined through various key aspects. The analysis begins with the role of victims under both the former Code of Criminal Procedure and the current criminal process, to understand the evolution of their treatment throughout history. It also explores the development of victimology as a discipline that, among other things, advocates for better treatment of victims within criminal proceedings.
Furthermore, the paper delves into the study of victims’ rights, highlighting access to justice, to due process, to truth, to full reparation of damages, and to equality of arms as an expression of equality before the law. The legal treatment of the accessory prosecutor is addressed, focusing on its definition, the rights it entails, its limitations, and its distinction from civil parties. Additionally, the figure is analyzed through the lens of comparative legislation (accessory prosecutor, private complainant, private prosecutor, etc.), showing its viability under the Brasilia Rules on access to justice for people in vulnerable situations. Lastly, a compatibility assessment between the accessory prosecutor and the accusatory principle is conducted, concluding that the implementation of the former does not violate the essence of the latter. The paper concludes by establishing the feasibility of incorporating this figure into Peruvian legislation for cases involving victims of sexual, domestic, and gender-based violence.
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