![](data:image/png;base64,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)
El derecho mercantil, el Tribunal del Consulado de Lima y la organización
de la Cámara de Comercio del Perú en el proceso del Perú independiente
375
Revista Oficial del Poder Judicial, 16(21), 2024, 371-397
autor, el 27 de febrero de 1613 se realizaron elecciones y se escogió a
Miguel Ochoa como prior, quien fue el primero de la corporación, y
como cónsules a Juan del Fuente Almonte y Pedro González Refolio
(Pejovés, 2016, p. 30). Una vez constituido el Consulado, se esperó hasta
1619 para que tuviera sus ordenanzas, pese a que desde 1614 el virrey
aprobó su redacción; para dicho propósito se determinó que el letrado
Alberto Acuña, oidor de la Real Audiencia, participara (Pejovés, 2016,
pp. 30-31). Explica Pejovés (2016) que el funcionamiento del Tribunal del
Consulado se desarrolló con normalidad hasta 1822, luego se suprime
en doble oportunidad entre 1822 y 1826; posteriormente, se restablece
desde su forma primigenia, hasta que, en 1886, se decreta su suspensión
definitiva (p. 37).
El Tribunal del Consulado de Lima resistió a los embates produci-
dos por los cambios de la dinámica del poder marítimo. Así, desde 1680,
año en el cual se quiebra la supremacía de Sevilla, por el mayor protago-
nismo de Cádiz como referente de la entrada y la salida de la navegación
atlántica, el comercio internacional se fue acrecentando, con los navíos
de permiso, el galeón de Manila que llegaba hasta las Filipinas, pasando
por México, y otros puertos que van a ir emergiendo primero desde el
contrabando y luego posteriormente reconocidos, como es el caso del
Río de la Plata. De este modo, en el marco de las reformas borbónicas, el
12 de octubre de 1778 se emanó el Reglamento y Aranceles Reales para
el Comercio Libre de España a Indias, promulgado por el rey Carlos III
de España. Su efecto fue flexibilizar el monopolio comercial español
existente, y con ese fin abrió al comercio trece puertos de España con
treinta y uno de Indias. Este reglamento fue clave para el abandono del
monopolio que conservaba España sobre el comercio en las Américas,
y gracias a esto se dio pase al libre comercio. El advenimiento de la
República estará vinculado con varios acontecimientos, entre ellos, el
dominio del mar, en el cual España va perdiendo batalla. El fidelismo
del Tribunal del Consulado de Lima a las fuerzas realistas en el proceso
de la independencia es bien conocido por la historiografía peruana; la
institución comercial, aparte de su atribución económica, funcionaba
como tribunal impartiendo justicia en asuntos de comercio a la vez
que como gremio mercantil defendía los intereses de sus miembros