![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAA+AAAAXCCAIAAAAU8RAtAAAACXBIWXMAABYlAAAWJQFJUiTwAAAYvUlEQVR42uzWMQEAIAzAMMC/BQZKN34U7Egk9OqsqgEAAPSwJAAAAIMOAAAYdAAAMOgAAIBBBwAAgw4AABh0AAAw6AAAgEEHAACDDgAAGHQAADDoAACAQQcAAAw6AAAYdAAAwKADAIBBBwAADDoAABh0AADAoAMAgEEHAAAMOgAAGHQAAMCgAwCAQQcAAAw6AABg0AEAwKADAAAGHQAADDoAAGDQAQDAoAMAAAYdAAAMOgAAYNABAMCgAwAABh0AAAw6AABg0AEAAIMOAAAGHQAAMOgAAGDQAQAAgw4AAAYdAAAw6AAAYNABAACDDgAABh0AADDoAABg0AEAAIMOAAAYdAAAMOgAAIBBBwAAgw4AABh0AAAw6AAAgEEHAACDDgAAGHQAADDoAACAQQcAAIMOAAAYdAAAwKADAIBBBwAADDoAABh0AADAoAMAgEEHAAAMOgAAGHQAAMCgAwCAQQcAAAw6AAAYdAAAwKADAAAGHQAADDoAAGDQAQDAoAMAAAYdAAAMOgAAYNABAMCgAwAABh0AAAw6AABg0AEAwKADAAAGHQAAMOgAAGDQAQAAgw4AAAYdAAAw6AAAYNABAACDDgAABh0AADDoAABg0AEAAIMOAAAGHQAAMOgAAIBBBwAAgw4AABh0AAAw6AAAgEEHAACDDgAAGHQAADDoAACAQQcAAIMOAAAYdAAAMOgAAIBBBwAADDoAABh0AADAoAMAgEEHAAAMOgAAGHQAAMCgAwCAQQcAAAw6AAAYdAAAwKADAIBBBwAADDoAAGDQAQDAoAMAAAYdAAAMOgAAYNABAMCgAwAABh0AAAw6AABg0AEAwKADAAAGHQAADDoAAGDQAQAAgw4AAAYdAAAw6AAAYNABAACDDgAABh0AADDoAABg0AEAAIMOAAAGHQAAMOgAAGDQAQAAgw4AABh0AAAw6AAAgEEHAACDDgAAGHQAADDoAACAQQcAAIMOAAAYdAAAMOgAAIBBBwAAgw4AABh0AADAoAMAgEEHAAAMOgAAGHQAAMCgAwCAQQcAAAw6AAAYdAAAwKADAIBBBwAADDoAABh0AADAoAMAAAYdAAAMOgAAYNABAMCgAwAABh0AAAw6AABg0AEAwKADAAAGHQAADDoAAGDQAQDAoAMAAAYdAAAw6AAAYNABAACDDgAABh0AADDoAABg0AEAAIMOAAAGHQAAMOgAAGDQAQAAgw4AAAYdAAAw6AAAgEEHAACDDgAAGHQAADDoAACAQQcAAIMOAAAYdAAAMOgAAIBBBwAAgw4AABh0AAAw6AAAgEEHAAAMOgAAGHQAAMCgAwCAQQcAAAw6AAAYdAAAwKADAIBBBwAADDoAABh0AADAoAMAgEEHAAAMOgAAYNABAMCgAwAABh0AAAw6AABg0AEAwKADAAAGHQAADDoAAGDQAQDAoAMAAAYdAAAMOgAAYNABAACDDgAABh0AADDoAABg0AEAAIMOAAAGHQAAMOgAAGDQAQAAgw4AAAYdAAAw6AAAYNAlAAAAgw4AABh0AAAw6AAAgEEHAACDDgAAGHQAADDoAACAQQcAAIMOAAAYdAAAMOgAAIBBBwAADDoAABh0AADAoAMAgEEHAAAMOgAAGHQAAMCgAwCAQQcAAAw6AAAYdAAAwKADAIBBBwAADDoAAGDQAQDAoAMAAAYdAAAMOgAAYNABAMCgAwAABh0AAAw6AABg0AEAwKADAAAGHQAADDoAAGDQAQAAgw4AAAYdAAAw6AAAYNABAACDDgAABh0AADDoAABg0AEAAIMOAAAGHQAAMOgAAGDQAQAAgw4AABh0AAAw6AAAgEEHAACDDgAAGHQAADDoAACAQQcAAIMOAAAYdAAAMOgAAIBBBwAAgw4AABh0AADAoAMAgEEHAAAMOgAAGHQAAMCgAwCAQQcAAAw6AAAYdAAAwKADAIBBBwAADDoAABh0AADAoAMAAAYdAAAMOgAAYNABAMCgAwAABh0AAAw6AABg0AEAwKADAAAGHQAADDoAAGDQAQDAoAMAAAYdAAAw6AAAYNABAACDDgAABh0AADDoAABg0AEAAIMOAAAGHQAAMOgAAGDQAQAAgw4AAAYdAAAw6AAAgEEHAACDDgAAGHQAADDoAACAQQcAAIMOAAAYdAAAMOgAAIBBBwAAgw4AABh0AAAw6AAAgEEHAAAMOgAAGHQAAMCgAwCAQQcAAAw6AAAYdAAAwKADAIBBBwAADDoAABh0AADAoAMAgEEHAAAMOgAAYNABAMCgAwAABh0AAAw6AABg0AEAwKADAAAGHQAADDoAAGDQAQDAoAMAAAYdAAAMOgAAYNABAACDDgAABh0AADDoAABg0AEAAIMOAAAGHQAAMOgAAGDQAQAAgw4AAAYdAAAw6AAAYNABAACDDgAAGHQAADDoAACAQQcAAIMOAAAYdAAAMOgAAIBBBwAAgw4AABh0AAAw6AAAgEEHAACDDgAAGHQAAMCgAwCAQQcAAAw6AAAYdAAAwKADAIBBBwAADDoAABh0AADAoAMAgEEHAAAMOgAAGHQAAMCgAwAABh0AAAw6AABg0AEAwKADAAAGHQAADDoAAGDQAQDAoAMAAAYdAAAMOgAAYNABAMCgAwAABh0AADDoAABg0AEAAIMOAAAGHQAAMOgAAGDQAQAAgw4AAAYdAAAw6AAAYNABAACDDgAABh0AADDoAACAQQcAAIMOAAAYdAAAMOgAAIBBBwAAgw4AABh0AAAw6AAAgEEHAACDDgAAGHQAADDoAACAQQcAAAw6AAAYdAAAwKADAIBBBwAADDoAABh0AADAoAMAgEEHAAAMOgAAGHQAAMCgAwCAQQcAAAw6AABg0AEAwKADAAAGHQAADDoAAGDQAQDAoAMAAAYdAAAMOgAAYNABAMCgAwAABh0AAAw6AABg0AEAAIMOAAAGHQAAMOgAAGDQAQAAgw4AAAYdAAAw6AAAYNABAACDDgAABh0AADDoAABg0CUAAACDDgAAGHQAADDoAACAQQcAAIMOAAAYdAAAMOgAAIBBBwAAgw4AABh0AAAw6AAAgEEHAAAMOgAAGHQAAMCgAwCAQQcAAAw6AAAYdAAAwKADAIBBBwAADDoAABh0AADAoAMAgEEHAAAMOgAAYNABAMCgAwAABh0AAAw6AABg0AEAwKADAAAGHQAADDoAAGDQAQDAoAMAAAYdAAAMOgAAYNABAACDDgAABh0AADDoAABg0AEAAIMOAAAGHQAAMOgAAGDQAQAAgw4AAAYdAAAw6AAAYNABAACDDgAAGHQAADDoAACAQQcAAIMOAAAYdAAAMOgAAIBBBwAAgw4AABh0AAAw6AAAgEEHAACDDgAAGHQAAMCgAwCAQQcAAAw6AAAYdAAAwKADAIBBBwAADDoAABh0AADAoAMAgEEHAAAMOgAAGHQAAMCgAwAABh0AAAw6AABg0AEAwKADAAAGHQAADDoAAGDQAQDAoAMAAAYdAAAMOgAAYNABAMCgAwAABh0AADDoAABg0AEAAIMOAAAGHQAAMOgAAGDQAQAAgw4AAAYdAAAw6AAAYNABAACDDgAABh0AADDoAACAQQcAAIMOAAAYdAAAMOgAAIBBBwAAgw4AABh0AAAw6AAAgEEHAACDDgAAGHQAADDoAACAQQcAAAw6AAAYdAAAwKADAIBBBwAADDoAABh0AADAoAMAgEEHAAAMOgAAGHQAAMCgAwCAQQcAAAw6AABg0AEAwKADAAAGHQAADDoAAGDQAQDAoAMAAAYdAAAMOgAAYNABAMCgAwAABh0AAAw6AABg0AEAAIMOAAAGHQAAMOgAAGDQAQAAgw4AAAYdAAAw6AAAYNABAACDDgAABh0AADDoAABg0AEAAIMOAAAYdAAAMOgAAIBBBwAAgw4AABh0AAAw6AAAgEEHAACDDgAAGHQAADDoAACAQQcAAIMOAAAYdAAAwKADAIBBBwAADDoAABh0AADAoAMAgEEHAAAMOgAAGHQAAMCgAwCAQQcAAAw6AAAYdAAAwKADAAAGHQAADDoAAGDQAQDAoAMAAAYdAAAMOgAAYNABAMCgAwAABh0AAAw6AABg0AEAwKADAAAGHQAAMOgAAGDQAQAAgw4AAAYdAAAw6AAAYNABAACDDgAABh0AADDoAABg0AEAAIMOAAAGHQAAMOgAAIBBBwAAgw4AABh0AAAw6AAAgEEHAACDDgAAGHQAADDoAACAQQcAAIMOAAAYdAAAMOgAAIBBBwAADDoAABh0AADAoAMAgEEHAAAMOgAAGHQAAMCgAwCAQQcAAAw6AAAYdAAAwKADAIBBBwAADDoAAGDQAQDAoAMAAAYdAAAMOgAAYNABAMCgAwAABh0AAAw6AABg0AEAwKADAAAGHQAADDoAAGDQAQAAgw4AAAYdAAAw6AAAYNABAACDDgAABh0AADDoAABg0AEAAIMOAAAGHQAAMOgAAGDQJQAAAIMOAAAYdAAAMOgAAIBBBwAAgw4AABh0AAAw6AAAgEEHAACDDgAAGHQAADDoAACAQQcAAAw6AAAYdAAAwKADAIBBBwAADDoAABh0AADAoAMAgEEHAAAMOgAAGHQAAMCgAwCAQQcAAAw6AABg0AEAwKADAAAGHQAADDoAAGDQAQDAoAMAAAYdAAAMOgAAYNABAMCgAwAABh0AAAw6AABg0AEAAIMOAAAGHQAAMOgAAGDQAQAAgw4AAAYdAAAw6AAAYNABAACDDgAABh0AADDoAABg0AEAAIMOAAAYdAAAMOgAAIBBBwAAgw4AABh0AAAw6AAAgEEHAACDDgAAGHQAADDoAACAQQcAAIMOAAAYdAAAwKADAIBBBwAADDoAABh0AADAoAMAgEEHAAAMOgAAGHQAAMCgAwCAQQcAAAw6AAAYdAAAwKADAAAGHQAADDoAAGDQAQDAoAMAAAYdAAAMOgAAYNABAMCgAwAABh0AAAw6AABg0AEAwKADAAAGHQAAMOgAAGDQAQAAgw4AAAYdAAAw6AAAYNABAACDDgAABh0AADDoAABg0AEAAIMOAAAGHQAAMOgAAIBBBwAAgw4AABh0AAAw6AAAgEEHAACDDgAAGHQAADDoAACAQQcAAIMOAAAYdAAAMOgAAIBBBwAADDoAABh0AADAoAMAgEEHAAAMOgAAGHQAAMCgAwCAQQcAAAw6AAAYdAAAwKADAIBBBwAADDoAAGDQAQDAoAMAAAYdAAAMOgAAYNABAMCgAwAABh0AAAw6AABg0AEAwKADAAAGHQAADDoAAGDQAQAAgw4AAAYdAAAw6AAAYNABAACDDgAABh0AADDoAABg0AEAAIMOAAAGHQAAMOgAAGDQAQAAgw4AABh0AAAw6AAAgEEHAACDDgAAGHQAADDoAACAQQcAAIMOAAAYdAAAMOgAAIBBBwAAgw4AABh0AADAoAMAgEEHAAAMOgAAGHQAAMCgAwCAQQcAAAw6AAAYdAAAwKADAIBBBwAADDoAABh0AADAoAMAAAYdAAAMOgAAYNABAMCgAwAABh0AAAw6AABg0AEAwKADAAAGHQAADDoAAGDQAQDAoAMAAAYdAAAw6AAAYNABAACDDgAABh0AADDoAABg0AEAAIMOAAAGHQAAMOgAAGDQAQAAgw4AAAYdAAAw6AAAgEEHAACDDgAAGHQAADDoAACAQQcAAIMOAAAYdAAAMOgAAIBBBwAAgw4AABh0AAAw6AAAgEEHAAAMOgAAGHQAAMCgAwCAQQcAAAw6AAAYdAAAwKADAIBBBwAADDoAABh0AADAoAMAgEEHAAAMOgAAYNABAMCgAwAABh0AAAw6AABg0AEAwKADAAAGHQAADDoAAGDQAQDAoAMAAAYdAAAMOgAAYNABAACDDgAABh0AADDoAABg0AEAAIMOAAAGHQAAMOgAAGDQAQAAgw4AAAYdAAAw6AAAYNAlAAAAgw4AABh0AAAw6AAAgEEHAACDDgAAGHQAADDoAACAQQcAAIMOAAAYdAAAMOgAAIBBBwAADDoAABh0AADAoAMAgEEHAAAMOgAAGHQAAMCgAwCAQQcAAAw6AAAYdAAAwKADAIBBBwAADDoAAGDQAQDAoAMAAAYdAAAMOgAAYNABAMCgAwAABh0AAAw6AABg0AEAwKADAAAGHQAADDoAAGDQAQAAgw4AAAYdAAAw6AAAYNABAACDDgAABh0AADDoAABg0AEAAIMOAAAGHQAAMOgAAGDQAQAAgw4AABh0AAAw6AAAgEEHAACDDgAAGHQAADDoAACAQQcAAIMOAAAYdAAAMOgAAIBBBwAAgw4AABh0AADAoAMAgEEHAAAMOgAAGHQAAMCgAwCAQQcAAAw6AAAYdAAAwKADAIBBBwAADDoAABh0AADAoAMAAAYdAAAMOgAAYNABAMCgAwAABh0AAAw6AABg0AEAwKADAAAGHQAADDoAAGDQAQDAoAMAAAYdAAAw6AAAYNABAACDDgAABh0AADDoAABg0AEAAIMOAAAGHQAAMOgAAGDQAQAAgw4AAAYdAAAw6AAAgEEHAACDDgAAGHQAADDoAACAQQcAAIMOAAAYdAAAMOgAAIBBBwAAgw4AABh0AAAw6AAAgEEHAAAMOgAAGHQAAMCgAwCAQQcAAAw6AAAYdAAAwKADAIBBBwAADDoAABh0AADAoAMAgEEHAAAMOgAAYNABAMCgAwAABh0AAAw6AABg0AEAwKADAAAGHQAADDoAAGDQAQDAoAMAAAYdAAAMOgAAYNABAACDDgAABh0AADDoAABg0AEAAIMOAAAGHQAAMOgAAGDQAQAAgw4AAAYdAAAw6AAAYNABAACDDgAAGHQAADDoAACAQQcAAIMOAAAYdAAAMOgAAIBBBwAAgw4AABh0AAAw6AAAgEEHAACDDgAAGHQAAMCgAwCAQQcAAAw6AAAYdAAAwKADAIBBBwAADDoAABh0AADAoAMAgEEHAAAMOgAAGHQAAMCgAwAABh0AAAw6AABg0AEAwKADAAAGHQAADDoAAGDQAQDAoAMAAAYdAAAMOgAAYNABAMCgAwAABh0AADDoAABg0AEAAIMOAAAGHQAAMOgAAGDQAQAAgw4AAAYdAAAw6AAAYNABAACDDgAABh0AADDoAACAQQcAAIMOAAAYdAAAMOgAAIBBBwAAgw4AABh0AAAw6AAAgEEHAACDDgAAGHQAADDoAACAQQcAAAw6AAAYdAAAwKADAIBBBwAADDoAABh0AADAoAMAgEEHAAAMOgAAGHQAAMCgAwCAQQcAAAw6AABg0AEAwKADAAAGHQAADDoAAGDQAQDAoAMAAAYdAAAMOgAAYNABAMCgAwAABh0AAAw6AABg0AEAAIMOAAAGHQAAMOgAAGDQAQAAgw4AAAYdAAAw6AAAYNABAACDDgAABh0AADDoAABg0CUAAACDDgAAGHQAADDoAACAQQcAAIMOAAAYdAAAMOgAAIBBBwAAgw4AABh0AAAw6AAAgEEHAAAMOgAAGHQAAMCgAwCAQQcAAAw6AAAYdAAAwKADAIBBBwAADDoAABh0AADAoAMAgEEHAAAMOgAAYNABAMCgAwAABh0AAAw6AABg0AEAwKADAAAGHQAADDoAAGDQAQDAoAMAAAYdAAAMOgAAYNABAACDDgAABh0AADDoAABg0AEAAIMOAAAGHQAAMOgAAGDQAQAAgw4AAAYdAAAw6AAAYNABAACDDgAAGHQAADDoAACAQQcAAIMOAAAYdAAAMOgAAIBBBwAAgw4AABh0AAAw6AAAgEEHAACDDgAAGHQAAMCgAwCAQQcAAAw6AAAYdAAAwKADAIBBBwAADDoAABh0AADAoAMAgEEHAAAMOgAAGHQAAMCgAwAABh0AAAw6AABg0AEAwKADAAAGHQAADDoAAGDQAQDAoAMAAAYdAAAMOp/MFAEAAIPeQsS+9+gAAIBBBwAAgw4AABh0AAAw6AAAgEEHAAAMOgAAGHQAAMCgAwCAQQcAAAw6AAAYdAAAwKADAIBBBwAADDoAABh0AADAoAMAgEEHAAAMOgAAYNABAMCgAwAABh0AAAw6AABg0AEAwKADAAAGHQAADDoAAGDQAQDAoAMAAAYdAAAMOgAAYNABAACDDgAABh0AADDoAABg0AEAAIMOAAAGHQAAMOgAAGDQAV67dSAAAAAAIMjfepCLIgBA0AEAQNABAABBBwAAQQcAAAQdAAAQdAAAEHQAAEDQAQBA0AEAAEEHAABBBwAABB0AAAQdAAAQdAAAEHQAAEDQAQBA0AEAAEEHAAAEHQAABB0AABB0AAAQdAAAQNABAEDQAQAAQQcAAEEHAAAEHQAABB0AABB0AAAQdAAAQNABAABBBwAAQQcAAAQdAAAEHQAAEHQAABB0AABA0AEAQNABAABBBwAAQQcAAAQdAAAEHQAAEHQAAEDQAQBA0AEAAEEHAABBBwAABB0AAAQdAAAQdAAAEHQAAEDQAQBA0AEAAEEHAIC1AAggFTNWgV+MAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
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Nos permitimos, de la misma forma, acotar un elemento que
consideramos trascendente respecto a la seguridad ciudadana desde la
visión de los derechos humanos, y es el denominado deber de prevención,
cuyo escenario no solo se circunscribe al Estado, obligación que parte
primigeniamente del artículo 1.1. de la CADH. Por la referida cláusula,
el Estado asume el rol de garante primigenio de la seguridad ciudadana,
en cuanto la estructura política del Estado se apoya en un basamento
organizacional de la seguridad ciudadana, y es responsable internacio-
nalmente, en su caso, por aquellas conductas gravosamente violatorias
de los derechos humanos.
Pero el acotado deber se extiende, a juicio nuestro, a una noción
de participación activa de la ciudadanía. Si el término es ajustable,
proponemos una ciudadanía militante de los derechos humanos, más
aún en el delicado ámbito de la seguridad ciudadana, en cuanto si esta
deviene ostensiblemente afectada por coyunturas determinadas, el goce
de los demás derechos estrechamente vinculados a la seguridad se ve
gravemente afectado en su ejercicio.
¿Qué habría de hacer una ciudadanía militante del derecho a la
seguridad ciudadana? Creemos que, en principio, demandar la seguri-
dad ciudadana a la cual aspiramos, pero dentro de la línea de respeto
por los derechos humanos; en esa misma línea, contribuir al debate
público sobre medidas de reforzamiento por la seguridad ciudadana,
pero bajo los estándares que plantea el DIDH. Adicionalmente, avalar,
así lo entendemos, las medidas de lucha contra la delincuencia, pues
esta es una prerrogativa de configuración estatal, pero, de la misma
forma, exigiendo la no proyección de un Machtstaat, o Estado de la
fuerza, entendido este como un ente vertical que solo hace espacio, en la
terminología de Jakobs, a un Derecho Penal del Enemigo, es decir, solo
más penas, más cárceles y más sanciones.
Los propósitos antes descritos lograrían un fin de valor: un for-
talecimiento de la seguridad ciudadana con una perspectiva de dere-
chos humanos, asegurada desde el ejercicio de un deber de prevención,
aspectos compatibles con un Estado convencional de derecho, entendido
este como un marco de respeto, garantía y observancia de los derechos